Antibiotics And Immunity In Children
Children including infants are age brackets indirectly often become the object of "niche market" of various products of antibiotics
prescribed by a doctor. Up to this day most physicians still often show sikapketidaksukaan when faced with critical patient alias chatty. There are still many patients-that in fact many medical consumers linger ask the doctor, and choose manggutmanggut only if given any medication by a doctor.
"Actually, that is funny if we do not know exactly what we paid for. Moreover, we pay it for consumption by our children that is the mandate of God. This ignorance is often tolerated by the medical community, instead often used, "said Dr. Purnamawati S Pujiarto, Spak, MMPed, which actively educate the parents in the consumption of medical products and services, including through the mailing list (mailing list).
As described Purnamawati, an antibiotic derived from the anti and bios (life, life). Thus, the antibiotic is a substance that can kill or weaken a living creature, that micro-organisms (microorganisms) such as bacteria, parasites, or fungi. Antibiotics do not kill viruses because the virus does not "stuff" of life. He can not multiply independently and require the genetic material of the host cell, eg, human cells, to proliferate.
While still frequently occur, doctors simply prescribe antibiotics for babies and toddlers are just sick with the flu virus. Indeed, the symptoms that accompany flu sometimes make parents panic, such as fever, cough, runny nose. Antibiotics are regarded as "the god of medicine". Patients irrational as far as to sue the doctor into a witch. In fact, antibiotics do not speed up, let alone disable, flu virus.
"Parents as children entrusted by God should not hesitate to ask the doctors. Do children really need antibiotics? Does not cause a virus? Ask the doctor, "said Purnamawati firmly.
However, sometimes the face of a parent who is critical, some doctors reasoned antibiotics should be given the child's stamina is down with the flu. If not treated with antibiotics, it will give peluangvirus and other germs attack. About it, Purnamawati responded, "Since birth we have been equipped with a sophisticated immune system. When attacked infectious diseases, the immune system is triggered to be more active. Infections due to virushanya can be overcome by increasing the body's immune system by eating well and resting enough, and given medicine for fever if the temperature is above 38.5 degrees Celsius. So, not given antibiotics. Unless we have immune system disorders such as vulnerability to HIV. Flu will heal by itself, antibiotics can only provide a placebo effect (fake). "
The same thing also explicitly said pharmacologist Prof. Dr. Iwan Darmansjah, SpFK. "Antibiotics are given to the child should not even damage the immune system. That happened child fell even immunity, then sick again. And if given another antibiotic, immunity fell ill again and again. Continue to be so, and visits to the doctor more frequently because the added easily hurt children, "said Iwan.
Purnamawati underlines, new antibiotics are needed when a child stricken with infections caused by bacteria. Examples of diseases caused by bacterial infection is most ear infections, severe sinus infection, sore throat due to streptococcus bacteria infection, urinary tract infection, typhoid, tuberculosis, and diarrhea caused by amoeba hystolytica. However, if antibiotics are used for infections nonbakteri, it actually led to a proliferation of resistant bacteria. "Remember, too, for strep throat in infants, studies show 80-90 percent not because of strep infection, so do not need antibiotics. Inflammation due to a streptococcal infection almost never happens in under two years, is even rarer to under four years, "said Purnamawati.
Some circumstances that need to be observed if the child is taking antibiotics gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, heartburn / colic, skin rash, to swelling of the lips, eyelids, until breathing disorders. "Berbagaipenelitian also showed that giving antibiotics at an early age will trigger the occurrence of allergies in the future," said Purnamawati said.
Alternatively, interruption due to side effects of some antibiotics are fever, a blood disorder in which one of the antibiotics such as chloramphenicol can suppress bone marrow production of blood cells decreased. Then, the possibility of liver abnormalities, such as antibiotics erythromycin, flucloxacillin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides. Group amoxycillin makrolod group clavulinic acid and can cause allergic hepatitis. While the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics, imipenem / meropenem, ciprofloxacin can cause kidney disorders. If the child does need antibiotics for a bacterial infection, make sure doctors prescribe antibiotics only work on bacterial target, namely a narrow spectrum antibiotic (narrow-spectrum antibiotics). For mild bacterial infection, choose one that works against gram-positive bacteria, while more severe bacterial infections (typhoid, pneumonia, appendicitis) choose antibiotics also kill gram-negative bacteria. Avoid the use of antibiotic ointment (except eye infection), as well as the use of more than one antibiotic except tuberculosis or serious infections in the hospital.
If the child was forced to undergo an operation, to prevent the actual infection antibiotics should not be given in the long term. "Even in major surgery such as heart, enough antibiotics given for two days," said Iwan. Purnamawati recommends that parents should always copy and archive all prescription from a doctor, and it could not hurt to consult a pharmacist before redeemed.
Since the last few years, had not found a new and more powerful antibiotics. While the bacteria continue to become increasingly sophisticated and resistant due to irrational use of antibiotics. This will be a major public health problem. Antibiotics in the proper use is the savior, but if used inappropriately and brutal, it will backfire.
"Antibiotics like a double-edged knife. To that end, the mass media play a major role inform it and not have to worry if the pharmaceutical industry cranky do not want to advertise, "said Iwan. (SF):
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