Lung-desist TB in Children
Not only adults, children are also at risk of developing the lung disease tuberculosis. Therefore, from the very beginning parents should do the necessary precautions to avoid baby contracting the disease that can be deadly.
The past three days, Kevin, not his real name, loss of appetite. Whenever his mother persuaded him to eat, 5-year-old boy would not budge. As a result, Kevin body weight decreased. Conditions that no doubt makes parents anxious, let alone loss of appetite accompanied by fever Kevin repeated.
At first, Kevin's father and mother thought the child just ordinary flu. However, because of the fever does not go away for no apparent reason, they are increasingly worried and immediately check the health of the baby to the hospital. At the hospital, the doctor then suggested Mantoux test done at Kevin. The test is usually to diagnose an attack germs that cause tuberculosis (TB) in a person's body.
Based on the medical definition, TB disease is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis with symptoms that vary widely. TB disease mostly attacks the lungs alveolar stricture. When viewed from some symptoms, such as reduced appetite, fever, repetitive, and sweating even at night, Kevin estimated exposed to TB lungs of children.
According Nastiti Kaswandani, a pediatrician from the Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, symptoms of TB in children is actually not typical and may resemble symptoms of other diseases. "However, a common symptom is a persistent fever for no apparent reason, persistent cough, weight loss difficult to stagnate or decline, loss of appetite, and less active play," said Nastiti.
Nevertheless, he added, often there are also specific symptoms that usually appear when TB germs on specific organ. For example, multiple lump in the neck if TB germs attack the lymph nodes, the protrusion of the spine if TB germs on the organ, and the spasms and loss of consciousness if TB germs attack the central nervous system of children.
What happened to Kevin is not likely befall the other children anyway. In fact, based on data from the Ministry of Health (MoH) number of people with TB lungs of children tends to increase from year to year. According Dyah Erti Mustikawati, Head of the Division of Tuberculosis Disease Control Directorate of Ministry of Health, the number of TB patients lungs of children in 2011 to reach 10 to 12 percent of the total number of TB cases.
Meanwhile, based on data Riskesdas 2007 (Balitbangkes, 2008), in 2010, Indonesia ranked fourth the number of new cases of TB in the world with 450 thousand cases.
"The number of people with TB lungs of children in each province is different. There are number reached 20 percent, but some are only 2 to 3 percent of the total cases, "said Dyah in Jakarta, some time ago.
Trend of increasing number of patients with pulmonary TB Child expressed also by Nastiti. He warned that the number of TB cases in children account for about 10 percent of the overall number of TB cases. In general, children infected with TB from adults affected by the disease. Therefore, the number of TB sufferers of children will increase with adult TB patients.
World Health Organization (WHO) reported more than 250 thousand children infected with the TB mortality rate of 100 thousand children each year. Typically, children with TB are at risk of death is a child who suffered severe tuberculosis such as miliary TB, TB lining of the brain (meningitis), intestinal TB, and TB heart. Other high risk of death can also be experienced by infants aged less than 6 months, children with malnutrition, and children affected by HIV or other malignant diseases.
Before TB attacks the lungs of a child there are several stages that occur. Nastiti explained at an early stage patients with inhaled TB germs and then enter and replicate in the lungs. In its development, the TB germs can cause tissue damage in the lungs and spreads to all organs of the body through the blood vessels.
TB germs are spread in various organs that are dormant or sleep (quiet), but has the potential to become active and interfere with organ affected. As for some of the organs that are often stricken with TB germs in addition to lungs, such as the lymph nodes, spine, intestines, liver, kidneys, eyes, lining of the brain and reproductive organs.
Nastiti explain in children, symptoms of TB disease can occur more quickly, about a few weeks after infection with the TB germ. Therefore, in medical terminology TB in children often referred to as primary TB. In contrast to children, in adults the majority of patients infected with TB due to the process of reactivation TB bacteria that is already found in the body a long time, months or years ago. Because reactivation that, medically, the condition is termed pascaprimer TB.
According to Dyah, there is one thing that should be wary associated with the transmission of TB in children, which is generally a disease of children affected by tuberculosis is due to TB patients infected adults, especially people with TB sputum containing TB germs. TB germs can be in droplets released when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. He added that the recent flare found in cases of pulmonary TB in children infected because of the people around her, such as her own parents, grandparents, maid, baby sitter positive or infected with TB bacteria.
Prevention
So, what efforts are necessary to prevent the outbreak of pulmonary TB in a child? Nastiti said prevention efforts first is to do with BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin). BCG vaccine is useful to prevent children stricken with tuberculosis, especially severe tuberculosis that affects the lining of the brain, spine, and other vital organs. The next precaution is keeping the environment of pollutants, especially cigarette smoke that could reduce airway resistance.
Another thing that must be considered, said Nastiti, is that if it is known there are adults exposed to TB in close contact with the child, then the child should be immediately taken to a doctor. "The inspection is performed to determine whether the child has been infected with TB germs or not," he added.
If it is known there are children under five who have been in contact with adult TB patient, then the child should immediately be given preventative medicine to avoid contracting or TB disease. Therefore, Nastiti warned to avoid contagion, from an early age children should be kept away and not allowed to do close contact with adult TB patients. (Holy sekarwati)
The past three days, Kevin, not his real name, loss of appetite. Whenever his mother persuaded him to eat, 5-year-old boy would not budge. As a result, Kevin body weight decreased. Conditions that no doubt makes parents anxious, let alone loss of appetite accompanied by fever Kevin repeated.
At first, Kevin's father and mother thought the child just ordinary flu. However, because of the fever does not go away for no apparent reason, they are increasingly worried and immediately check the health of the baby to the hospital. At the hospital, the doctor then suggested Mantoux test done at Kevin. The test is usually to diagnose an attack germs that cause tuberculosis (TB) in a person's body.
Based on the medical definition, TB disease is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis with symptoms that vary widely. TB disease mostly attacks the lungs alveolar stricture. When viewed from some symptoms, such as reduced appetite, fever, repetitive, and sweating even at night, Kevin estimated exposed to TB lungs of children.
According Nastiti Kaswandani, a pediatrician from the Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, symptoms of TB in children is actually not typical and may resemble symptoms of other diseases. "However, a common symptom is a persistent fever for no apparent reason, persistent cough, weight loss difficult to stagnate or decline, loss of appetite, and less active play," said Nastiti.
Nevertheless, he added, often there are also specific symptoms that usually appear when TB germs on specific organ. For example, multiple lump in the neck if TB germs attack the lymph nodes, the protrusion of the spine if TB germs on the organ, and the spasms and loss of consciousness if TB germs attack the central nervous system of children.
What happened to Kevin is not likely befall the other children anyway. In fact, based on data from the Ministry of Health (MoH) number of people with TB lungs of children tends to increase from year to year. According Dyah Erti Mustikawati, Head of the Division of Tuberculosis Disease Control Directorate of Ministry of Health, the number of TB patients lungs of children in 2011 to reach 10 to 12 percent of the total number of TB cases.
Meanwhile, based on data Riskesdas 2007 (Balitbangkes, 2008), in 2010, Indonesia ranked fourth the number of new cases of TB in the world with 450 thousand cases.
"The number of people with TB lungs of children in each province is different. There are number reached 20 percent, but some are only 2 to 3 percent of the total cases, "said Dyah in Jakarta, some time ago.
Trend of increasing number of patients with pulmonary TB Child expressed also by Nastiti. He warned that the number of TB cases in children account for about 10 percent of the overall number of TB cases. In general, children infected with TB from adults affected by the disease. Therefore, the number of TB sufferers of children will increase with adult TB patients.
World Health Organization (WHO) reported more than 250 thousand children infected with the TB mortality rate of 100 thousand children each year. Typically, children with TB are at risk of death is a child who suffered severe tuberculosis such as miliary TB, TB lining of the brain (meningitis), intestinal TB, and TB heart. Other high risk of death can also be experienced by infants aged less than 6 months, children with malnutrition, and children affected by HIV or other malignant diseases.
Before TB attacks the lungs of a child there are several stages that occur. Nastiti explained at an early stage patients with inhaled TB germs and then enter and replicate in the lungs. In its development, the TB germs can cause tissue damage in the lungs and spreads to all organs of the body through the blood vessels.
TB germs are spread in various organs that are dormant or sleep (quiet), but has the potential to become active and interfere with organ affected. As for some of the organs that are often stricken with TB germs in addition to lungs, such as the lymph nodes, spine, intestines, liver, kidneys, eyes, lining of the brain and reproductive organs.
Nastiti explain in children, symptoms of TB disease can occur more quickly, about a few weeks after infection with the TB germ. Therefore, in medical terminology TB in children often referred to as primary TB. In contrast to children, in adults the majority of patients infected with TB due to the process of reactivation TB bacteria that is already found in the body a long time, months or years ago. Because reactivation that, medically, the condition is termed pascaprimer TB.
According to Dyah, there is one thing that should be wary associated with the transmission of TB in children, which is generally a disease of children affected by tuberculosis is due to TB patients infected adults, especially people with TB sputum containing TB germs. TB germs can be in droplets released when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. He added that the recent flare found in cases of pulmonary TB in children infected because of the people around her, such as her own parents, grandparents, maid, baby sitter positive or infected with TB bacteria.
Prevention
So, what efforts are necessary to prevent the outbreak of pulmonary TB in a child? Nastiti said prevention efforts first is to do with BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin). BCG vaccine is useful to prevent children stricken with tuberculosis, especially severe tuberculosis that affects the lining of the brain, spine, and other vital organs. The next precaution is keeping the environment of pollutants, especially cigarette smoke that could reduce airway resistance.
Another thing that must be considered, said Nastiti, is that if it is known there are adults exposed to TB in close contact with the child, then the child should be immediately taken to a doctor. "The inspection is performed to determine whether the child has been infected with TB germs or not," he added.
If it is known there are children under five who have been in contact with adult TB patient, then the child should immediately be given preventative medicine to avoid contracting or TB disease. Therefore, Nastiti warned to avoid contagion, from an early age children should be kept away and not allowed to do close contact with adult TB patients. (Holy sekarwati)
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